The Mayans of Mesoamerica Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Mayans of Mesoamerica      The antiquated Mayans were an all around created society with an exceptionally precise schedule, gifted engineers, craftsmans, broad brokers and trackers. They are known to have created medication and space science also. The entirety of this was created while the Europeans were still in the Dark Ages.      Their realm secured a region of about 400,000 to 500,000 square kilometers. This zone incorporated the current day nations of Belize, Guatemala, western Honduras and El Salvador, and furthermore southern segments of Mexico. These grounds have an assorted territory, from the rugged good countries to the tropical marshes. The wide scope of land highlights implied that the Mayans food sources fluctuated relying upon their area.      The Mayan trackers sought after huge game like panthers, wild hogs, and snow panthers just as little game like bunnies, hares, and squirrels. The three creatures that appear to be the most common in Mayan compositions are the deer, iguana, and the quetzal winged animal. This has persuaded that these creatures more likely than not been something other than a food source. It is accepted that the quetzal winged animal was not slaughtered yet just caught. While it was caught, they would cull the quills from it since they were viewed as entirely important. The Maya saw chasing as something beyond a food source, like the other local people groups we have contemplated. They had certain customs t...

Cross-cultural communication, Essay

The motivation behind this exposition is to utilize reflection on a part of my discovering that I have run over so far as an understudy medical caretaker, and how I intend to utilize this information when I start my positions. This will give me a decent base on which to construct my relational abilities. In the wake of having a concise presentation on different religions, it drew out into the open the assorted variety in multi social orders and how, as a medical caretaker I need a decent comprehension of treatment and correspondence boundaries that I will run over. The United Kingdom (UK) has invited a blend of ethnic gatherings, each carrying with their own way of life, with their own language. Multiculturalism is a belief system that advances the institutionalism of networks containing various societies. I have willingly volunteered to discover data to acquire information on various religions, qualities and convictions, and the various parts of care this identifies with. This will at that point empower me to help patients and their families all the more proficiently, viably and in a patient focused estate. As far as utilizing reflection all through this exposition, I Plan to utilize Gibbs Reflective Cycle (Gibbs 1988). This will help with basic inclinations. I will likewise be pondering independently a portion of the information I picked up. Reflection expects to overcome any issues among hypothesis and practice to show the interrelation of aptitudes and information. Reflection identifies with me as an understudy nurture as recommended by Hargreaves (1997 pp.04) â€Å"that intelligent practice is regularly remembered for proficient instruction programs as a method of urging specialists to fundamentally assess their conduct, convictions and thoughts on practice†. She expresses that this will prompt improved clinical ability and, subsequently, improve nursing care. Portrayal The primary Lecture I got on Religion was an Introduction to the chaplaincy group. They give otherworldly direction to anybody requiring counsel, mental fortitude and backing. Wittenburg-Lyles E, (2008) clarifies that The Chaplaincy group can give visits to neighborhood places. This talk expanded my attention to confidence and good issues. During my situations, I will come across a wide range of societies and religions. This is the point at which I understood I expected to do a ton of examination into various religions to empower me to help my patients and their convictions. I was given a model that I may go over. Some strict faith in supplicating on their knees, if a patient for reasons unknown expected to have their leg cut off, this would then impact a specific part of their life. Accordingly I would need to help them such that they could at present meet there strict requirements. I will consider this by and by broadening my insight on various religions. Next, we investigated Morals, Values and convictions; here I found out about the duties I will have as a medical caretaker, for instance, how to regard patient’s pride and security (Baillie, 2011). I have an understanding that every individual is novel. I will ponder this practically speaking by regarding every patient as a person. Notwithstanding their race, ethnic, sex, sexual direction, age, physical capacities, strict convictions or political convictions. Thirdly in another talk, I was acquainted with two assistance clients and social points of view in medicinal services. A Buddhist from the Chaplaincy administration came in to the college. I thought that it was extremely intriguing discovering some Buddhism’s convictions. For a model, passing is inescapable and Buddhists like to get ready for death while thinking. Buda’s additionally prefer to convey a little Buda, image of a Buda or globules for reciting to recollect their instructor. We at that point had a discussion about Christianity from a Catholic Farther. I discovered that there will be dietary necessities inside Christianity, as certain Christians will just eat fish on a Friday, no meat. They additionally prefer to carry on them an image of Christianity. That might be dots, heavenly water or a wooden cross. Christians don't prefer to be excessively uncovered during individual consideration needs. This has now broadened my insight on two unique religions. I will think about this by taking the information I have picked up into training, for when I go over patients with these convictions. As a medical attendant once in a while there will be strife with regards to religions of representatives however you should not to be judgemental, (Nursing and Midwifery chamber (NMC), 2010). On account of being a medical attendant, this is for the most part because of disease control. Some staff perhaps requested to take off apparel or gems, which could be against their strict convictions, in spite of the fact that head wear is presently took into consideration nursing and specialists. Some would contend this is segregation, as some can pull off it. I think this is a regular case of how strict convictions can influence staff just as patients and family members. NMC (2010) states that as a medical caretaker I may perceive assorted variety and regard with social contrasts, qualities and convictions of others including the individuals you care for and different individuals from staff. Sentiments I feel the talks I went to were fascinating, it was not until this point I understood it would be an intriguing theme to think about and become familiar with. Both the Buddhist and the Christian, were exceptionally useful when anybody needed to know anything, the two of them rented with the class toward the beginning of their talk by making an arrangement of what, we as a class needed to cover all through the length of the talk. I do feel that I kept down an excessive amount of when it arrived at inquiries toward the end and could have posed some more inquiries myself, all however others posed comparative inquiries to what I was thinking. The data I picked up during these three talks has been valuable. Be that as it may, I felt as though I despite everything expected to extend my insight further by doing some examination. I accept the initial step is to act naturally mindful of my own social convictions. Acting naturally mindful is essential as will recognize any preferences or mentalities that could be making a boundary before great correspondence, best practice and patient support. Festini F (2009) remarks that, Effective correspondence is the primary part of conveying socially skilled consideration. This is the place I expected to think about myself by investigating the Johari Window and the four Quadrants. Acting naturally mindful is a two way process. In the event that we don't have the foggiest idea what our identity is, we don’t know how we appear to other people. This caused me to acknowledge I have to turn out to be progressively certain about myself when posing inquiries before my gathering. This will require some investment with feeling great. Assessment All through my learning on this point up until now, it has been exceptionally helpful to see where my insight is deficient. I realize need to investigate further into this point. It has given me the motivation to broaden my insight. These talks on religion have been an eye opener. I have acknowledged there is such a great amount of multifaceted nature corresponding to area and various beliefs that as a medical caretaker, I should think about. Already I would have had no information on this. I will enhance this by utilizing a scope of research thoughts to pick up information which will at that point increment effectiveness, I will keep on thinking about this territory so as to create as a medical attendant. Investigation It was now I understood that in spite of the fact that the data that I have picked up so far has been more than valuable, it didn't respond to every one of my inquiries. As I despite everything need some more direction on what to do in circumstances I may run over when out practically speaking, regardless of whether this might be correspondence or treatment obstruction issues. Ethics are affected by social qualities, convictions and religion, not just by the law (Griffith and Tengnah, 2010). Ethics esteems and convictions and suspicions impact social insurance. I comprehend that social and language obstructions can muddle circumstances. As an expert I should be able to interface viably with customers and different experts. During social association, I accept that medical caretakers ought to abstain from generalizing when thinking about patients from various societies, proposed by Alexis, (2011). I have come cross a couple of patients from various religions with their own dialects while I have been working in care. When speaking with a patient that doesn't communicate in English as their first language, care can be undermined if successful correspondence isn't utilized. While disclosing something to the patient, there should be a harmony between utilizing basic sentences without being disparaging. For instance I would ask do you hurt anyplace, or would you say you are in any torment? Rather than saying, would you say you are in any inconvenience? I would urge staff not to use the same number of clinical terms, I comprehend this may somehow be mistaking and troubling for the patient. I would just pose each inquiry in turn to abstain from overpowering the person. When asking patients these inquiries, I should likewise comprehend a patient’s social discernments and encounters in regards to torment (Magnusson, 2011). I can ponder this when I go into training by including t heir social discernments when dynamic on relief from discomfort. I think in some cases a peaceful time is a decent an ideal opportunity to get to your patient’s relational abilities. I would then have more opportunity to take a gander at their non-verbal pieces of information, act, outward appearances, is there any eye to eye connection utilized or perhaps there are indications of tension. At the point when circumstances emerge around correspondence hindrances I work with different individuals from staff, the patient’s family members and various individuals from the multidisciplinary group so I can discover the most ideal ways that could be available to speak with them, and a specific exercises of every day living or ceremonies (Roper, Logan and Tierney, 1998), that are significant and applicable to their social needs. In a portion of my discoveries, I ran over some genuine instances of how there could be a hindrance among you and your patient as far as close to home consideration. I found that a few patients don't feel good in the e vent that they are being moved by the other gender. Others detest their heads being revealed, they should keep it secured with attire for humility. These perspectives come for the most part from Jewish and Isl

Brand Integrity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brand Integrity - Assignment Example He ought to speak with the representatives, and perceive their commitment towards the brand guarantee. In an ominous monetary condition, clutching the dedicated clients is the way to progress. The article offers five conversation starters as a feature of the ‘Excellence Audit’. These inquiries center around colleagues being focused on a typical reason and giving in their best to accomplish that cause. This review reveals the qualities and shortcomings of the association with the assistance of quantitative information. A test including ten inquiries that looks at how associated the representatives are to the brand guarantee is additionally referenced in the article. The article advances a possibly disputable contention that the clients come next and that, in all actuality, representatives of the association who serve these clients start things out. The article, through an exchange passes on that the commercial center client is â€Å"first† yet the representative serving the client is â€Å"more first†. The inward climate, energy, extravagance and soul of the association ought to make that attractive draw on the client, attests the article. The article additionally recommends that each representative has the intensity to turn into a pioneer if the administration advancement process is started early. At the point when the business condition isn't auspicious, state there is a downturn, cost cutting, cutbacks are a typical marvel. The weight on productivity may lead administrators to disregard the necessities of the workers just as the clients. I feel that increases got by bargaining the brand guarantee or not treating the workers in a reasonable way would be fleeting. An association picks up the most through its devoted clients. Remember that clients will stay steadfast just if the brand conveys on its guarantee. In this way, any endeavor to trick the client will have antagonistic outcomes on brand execution. As expressed in the

The effects of the EU political crisis on the economy

Presentation Since the initiation of the 2007/2008 worldwide financial emergency, hypotheses encompassing the monetary circumstance in the euro zone have been very uncontrolled. A few reasons have prompted the current monetary battles in the euro zone. The lessening monetary significance of the district in the worldwide market is probably the best hesitation in the European economy. Variables adding to the weak financial condition are either interior or external.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The impacts of the EU political emergency on the economy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More External components may incorporate the present state of the worldwide market while the inner elements remember political solidness of nations for that specific locale. This paper looks to talk about the effects of the political emergency in the euro zone on monetary exercises in the locale. The current monetary circumstance For a serious long time now, the fin ancial business in the euro zone has been attempting to get by in the budgetary market. The business has been on a hindering development for certain years now. This has not made the best impression to imminent financial specialists trying to put resources into the locale. For example, Greece, a part state in the EU, has been put in a troublesome circumstance with its indebtedness, which must be tackled by rebuilding its present obligations (Weltman, 2013). Business analysts contend that attempting to leave the euro market will add up to a foolish money related move that could crush even the political structure in the nation (Weltman, 2013). The main conceivable arrangement is to take care of its monetary issues inside the limits of the single money. Portugal and Ireland are additionally undependable from any sort of unpredictable activities in the euro zone. In the event that the present circumstance disintegrates, these two nations will be presented to genuine money related issues (Weltman, 2013). Italy and Spain have as of late lost market access in the euro district yet the circumstance isn't extremely desperate subsequently, they can endure the effects (Weltman, 2013). In any case, if this proceeds, the two nations will be compelled to search for enduring answers for their monetary insecurities. The obligation of the European area has been significantly uncovered by the financial frameworks in France and Belgium (Hughes, 2011). An investigation of the financial business in the two nations shows that the capital expected to restore the business is a lot higher contrasted and other countries.Advertising Looking for article on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This shows both France and Belgium will experience issues in recapitalizing their financial frameworks and this is an indication of a shaky money related future. The district has had an approaching swelling rate arrivi ng at a record low of 3% and this has made the financing costs to stay entirely temperamental in the locale (Stavrou, 2011). The expansion rate has additionally caused a decrease in business, as organizations needed to lay off their laborers so as to keep up a sensible compensation charge (Palmer, Ketteridge, Marshall, 2010). The euro zone is enduring financially because of its joined sovereign obligation emergency, banking emergency also the opposition in monetary development and improvement (Bezemer, 2010). As the monetary hole becomes more extensive, the locale is presented to more noteworthy budgetary difficulties (Palmer, Ketteridge, Marshall, 2010). The monetary circumstance is critical in the euro zone in spite of the fact that the circumstance is the equivalent all around. In any case, the pioneers in the area are effectively trying to create estimates that can assist with diminishing the shortfall spending and obligation levels (Beetham, 2007). How do governmental issues in fluence speculator choices? In each area, political strength is extremely urgent to the financial and political turn of events. Political steadiness is one of the main considerations that impact the choices made by speculators. Locales that are inclined to uncontrolled political turmoil and frenzies are less alluring to genuine speculators since the danger of putting resources into such regions is excessively high. Each organization has its own techniques and strategies that administer the country’s speculation methodology. Along these lines, financial specialists will consistently take a gander at the political patterns in a district before they submit their assets in that economy. Political impact on the economy illuminates the choices made by financial specialists to contribute on that monetary specialty. The lawful and cost elements of any financial square are straightforwardly connected to its political gauges (Aaronson Biggins, 2005). The political pioneers make the ena ctments overseeing venture approaches and impact the expense of putting resources into the area. At last, this influences the engaging quality of the district to financial specialists dependent on legitimate methodology and cost of activity. How does the Europe’s political disturbance influence the zone’s economy? Business analysts contend that the euro zone’s political emergency is the encapsulation of its debilitated economy. They caution that the political emergency being knowledgeable about the district is a reasonable reminder for approaching monetary difficulties ahead.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The impacts of the EU political emergency on the economy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The political emergency has made it extremely hard for the part states to concede to the methodology of dynamic procedures in the locale (Aaronson Biggins, 2005). The Germans and the French are the two fundamental players in t he euro zone’s battle to restore the economy and the two have been blamed for meddling with arrangements in the midst of emergency (Palmer, Ketteridge, Marshall, 2010). According to the present circumstance, leaving the euro likewise implies leaving the EU, which is a politically settled in guess. The effect of this supposition that will be that it doesn't give majority rule government a possibility and part states are being forced into staying in the euro zone showcase (Solomon, Bamossy, Askegaard, Hogg, 2006). Thusly, it is off-base for the European commission to preclude that any part state considering leaving the euro should likewise leave the EU (Sloman Wirde, 2009). This is really encroaching the just privileges of the part states subsequently meddling with members’ political structures. Unmistakably the predominant Sarkozy and Markel organizations are making an opportunities for the commission to compel leaving individuals out. This will have negative ramificati ons on the EU’s normal market. What's more, the rating offices have been under extraordinary analysis from the European administrators for what has been named as political control. The administrators blame the rating offices for being inclination towards European resources (Trimikliniotis Bozkurt, 2012). This was seen when the rating organizations minimized Portugal’s open obligation to a lower class ‘Ba2’ (Panayiotopoulos, 1995). Effects on potential speculators For the situation of Cyprus, the choice made by the Eurogroup to force a hair style charge on stores has just done incredible damage to the money related area. Financial experts predict a circumstance whereby outside speculators will pull back from the economy particularly the Russians (Harvey, 2003). The choice was censured all around and this has made a negative picture of the European regular market. Decimating the banking and budgetary frameworks isn't the main damage that the choice has had o n the euro zone. The consequence of the Erougroup’s choice on the Cyprus’ economy has enormously undermined the investors’ trust in the worldwide banking (Christodoulou, 1992).Advertising Searching for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More A definitive and critical impact of this is financial specialists are not, at this point keen on the euro showcase as an imminent speculation goal. This will have an enduring money related and monetary repercussion on the whole locale. The approaching euro zone monetary emergency will have a desperate and direct effect on the European Union coordination process. It will additionally bargain interests in the locale as the incorporation difficulties might be seen as absence of powerful political initiative and resulting political shakiness. Financial specialists won't submit their accounts in a politically defaced monetary square. Remote speculators are definitely viewing the EU’s choices and plans as to the monetary emergency confronting the area. The EU is under close reconnaissance by speculators thus far, the pattern has not been exceptionally noteworthy. This is gradually making financial specialists avoid abusing the EU’s showcase. End This paper has basically analy zed the job of legislative issues in money related markets with an unmistakable fascination for the euro zone. In the subsequent section, the paper has given a general diagram of the present circumstance of the region’s economy. The various ways that legislative issues can impact investors’ choices have likewise been sketched out in this paper to assist us with understanding the connection among political and business situations. To show how political emergency can impact speculators, the paper has examined how the political unrest in Europe influenced the euro zone’s economy. Finally, toward the finish of the paper, the effects of the political emergency on speculators have been plainly summed up giving a particular case of the Cyprus case. References Aaronson, A. Biggins, B. (2005). Quantitative techniques, European Journal of Research Methods, 9 (7), 10-13. Beetham, H. (2007). Retail Economics. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. Bessemer, D. J. (2010). Understanding mo ney related emergency through bookkeeping models, Accounting, Organization and Society, 35 (7), 676-688. Christodoulou, D. (1992) Inside the Cyprus Miracle, the Labors of an Embattled Mini-Economy, Minneapolis, US: University of Minnesota. Harvey, D. (2003). The New Imperialism. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Hughes

Fighting for Rights - Free Essay Example

In 1925 the Indian National Congress adopted the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Declaration of Rights.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ In subsequent session held at Madras held in the year 1927 demanded incorporation of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Declaration of Fundamental Rightsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in any future constitutional framework following which, a committee under Motilal Nehru was appointed by the National Congress to study the fundamental rights. The rights emphasized by the Motilal Nehru Committee Report were: Personal liberty, inviolability of dwelling place and property Freedom of conscience, and of profession and practice of religion Expression of opinion and the right to assemble peaceably without arms and to form associations Free elementary education Equality for all before the law and rights Right to the writ of Habeas Corpus Protection from punishment under ex-post facto laws Non-discrimination against any person on grounds of religion, caste or creed in the matter of public employment Equality of right in the matter of access to and use of public roads, wells etc. Freedom of combination and association for the maintenance and implementation of labor and economic factors Right to keep and bear arms Equality of rights to man and woman There was a big blow to the fight for rights as soon after this the Government of India Act, 1935 was passed without any bill of rights much to the disappointment of the Indian leaders. It was the Sapru Committeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in the year 1945 that successively stressed the need for a written code of fundamental rights and the Constituent Assembly, thus in response raised a forceful demand for the inclusion of human rights in the Constitution. 1.2 Human Rights and the Indian Constitution The Indian Constitution was framed by the Constituent Assembly of India, which met for the first time on December 9, 1946. The Constitution of India gave primary importance to human rights. To quote Guha, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The demand for a declaration of fundamental rights arose from four factors.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Lack of civil liberty in India during the British rule Deplorable social conditions, particularly affecting the untouchables and women Existence of different religious, linguistic, and ethnic groups encouraged and exploited by the Britishers Exploitation of the tenants by the landlords The Constituent Assembly incorporatedthe substance of the rights proclaimed and adopted by the General Assembly in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the constitution of India In the year 1948, when the Constitution of India was in the making, the General Assembly proclaimed and adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which definitely influenced the framing of Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Constitution. The Constitution of the Republic of India which came into force on 26th January 1950 with 395 Articles and 8 Schedules, is one of the most elaborated set of fundamental laws ever adopted in the world. The plethora of rights are much more than the American bill of rights. The Preamble to the Constitution declares India to be a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular and Democratic Republic. The term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"democraticà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ denotes that the Government gets its authority from the will of the people. It gives a feeling that they all are equal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã …“irrespective of the race, religion, language, sex and culture.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The Preamble to the Constitution pledges justice, social, economic and political, liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship, equality of status and of opportunity and fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation to ail its citizens. 1.3 Institutional Framework and Human Rights India is divided into twenty nine (29) States and seven Union territories (centrally administered). The Constitution of India provides for division of legislative functions between Parliament and the State Legislatures to devolve the administrative system and thus ensuring rights at local level as well. 1.3.1 India and the Universal Declaration India is the signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A number of fundamental rights guaranteed to the individuals in Part III of the Indian Constitution are similar to the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The following chart makes it very clear. Table 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ1: Civil and Political Rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the Indian Constitution Sl.No. Name of Rights Universal Declaration Indian Constitution 1. Equality before law Article 7 Article 14 2 Prohibition of discrimination Article 7 Article 15(1) 3. Equality of opportunity Article 21(2) Article 16(1) 4. Freedom of speech and expression Article 19 Article 19(1) (a) 5. Freedom of peaceful assembly Article 20(1) Article 19(1) (b) 6. Right to form associations or unions Article 23(4) Article 19(1) (c) 7. Freedom of movement within the border Article 13 (1) Article 19(1) (d) 8. Protection in respect of conviction for offences Article 11 (2) Article 20 (1) 9. Protection of life and personal liberty Article 3 Article 21 10. Protection of slavery and forced labor Article 4 Article 23 11. Freedom of conscience and religion Article 18 Article 25(1 12. Remedy for enforcement of rights Article 8 Article 32 13. Right against arbitrary arrest and detention Article 9 Article 22 14. Right to social security Article 22 Article 29(1) The table below shows; that most of the economic, social and cultural rights proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have been incorporated in part IV of the Indian Constitution. Table 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the Indian Constitution Sl.No. Universal Declaration of Rights Article in the Universal Declaration Article in the Indian Constitution 1. Right to work, to just and favorable conditions of work Article 23 (1) Article 41 2. Right to equal pay for equal work Article 23(2) Article 39 (d) 3. Right to education Article 26(1) Articles 21(A), 41, 45 51A(k) 4. Right to just and favorable remuneration Article 23(3) Article 43 5. Right to rest and leisure Article 24 Article 43 6. Right of everyone to a standard of living adequate for him and his family Article 25(1) Article 39(a) Article 47 7. Right to a proper social order Article 28 Article 38 In the landmark judgment, Keshavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala,[1] the Supreme Court observed, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Universal Declaration of Human Rights may not be a legally binding instrument but: it shows how India understood the nature of human rights at the time the Constitution was adopted.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Constitutional interpretation of Human Rights in India has been strongly influenced by the Declaration. India further ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on March 27, 1979. The Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1989, however, was not ratified by India. 1.3.2 Fundamental Rights and Human Rights The judicially enforceable fundamental rights which encompass all seminal civil and political rights and some of the rights of minorities are enshrined in part III of the Constitution (Articles 12 to 35). As it can be noted that Fundamental rights differ from ordinary rights in the sense that the former are inviolable. None of the law, ordinance, custom, usage, or administrative order can abridge or take them away them. Any law violating any of the fundamental right will be held void. Chief Justice Subba Rao in the landmark judgement Golak Nath v. State of Punjab had rightly observed, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fundamental rights are the modern name for what have been traditionally known as natural rights,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The Supreme Court of India in other judgment recognized these fundamental rights as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Natural Rightsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Human Rightsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. In ADM Jabalpur v. Shukla, Justice Beg observed, in the similar tone, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the o bject of making certain general aspects of rights fundamental is to guarantee them against illegal invasion of these rights by executive, legislative, or judicial organ of the State.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The list of the Fundamental Rightsenshrined in the Constitution of India, which serves to be purposeful in our analysis of rights denied and rights ignored and rights violated through the issue of human trafficking.Article 14 right of all persons to equality before the law. Whereas,Article 15 prohibits the State from discriminating against any citizen on grounds of religion, race,caste, sex or place of birth, and prohibits any restriction on any citizenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s access to any public place, including wells and tanks. Under separate headArticle 16 i.e. Equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters of public employment is guaranteed. Both Articles 15 and 16 enable the State to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, for s uch castes and tribes as recognized in the Constitution (known as the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) require very special treatment for their advancement. In different connotation Article 17: Abolishes untouchability and makes its practice an offence punishable under law. The right to freedom of speech and expression mentioned in Article 19: This encompasses the right to freedom of speech and expression, the right to assemble peaceably without arms, the right to form associations or unions, the right to move freely throughout the territory of India, the right of residence, and the right to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business. This right is reserved only for the citizens. In Chairman Railway Board and others v. Chandrima Das[2] the Supreme Court, in Anwar State of Jammu and Kashmir it was held that non-citizens could not claim fundamental rights provided under Article 19. It observed that: Fundamental rights are available to a ll the persons of this country and those who are not citizens of this country and who come here as tourists or in any other capacity, are entitled to the protection of their lives in accordance with the Constitutional provisions. They also have a right to life in this country. Thus they also have the right to live with human dignity so long as they are here in India. Article 14 which guarantees equality before law and equal protection of laws within the territory of India is applicable to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  who would also include both the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“citizensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of this country and non-citizens. In this case, a Bangladeshi national Mrs. Khatoon was gang raped by the Railway employees in a room at the Yatri Niwas of the Howrah Railway Station in West Bengal. The Calcutta High Court allowed compensation of a sum of rupees 10 lakhs to her for having been gang raped. Upholding the decision of the High Court, the Supreme Court held that as a national of another country, she could not be subjected to a treatment, which was below the dignity, nor could she be subjected to physical violence at the hands of Government employees who outraged her modesty. According to the tone and the tenor of the language used in Article 21, they are available not only to every citizen of this country but also to a person of another country. The Apex Court also held that since the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has been used in Article 21 of the Constitution as a basic human right in the same sense as understood in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, there is no reason why it should be given a narrow meaning. Article 20 provides the protection of a person in respect of conviction of offences is guaranteed through this article which includes protection against ex post facto criminal laws, the principle of autre fois convict and the right against self-incrimination. whereasArticle 21 being the umbrella of rights provides the core of all fundamental rights provisions in the Indian Constitution, ordains: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Article 21A provides right to free education this was added to the Constitution by the Eighty Sixth Constitutional Amendment Act 2002. Article 21A proclaims à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Article 22 says about the rights of a person, arrested and detained by the State authorities. These include the right to be informed of the grounds of arrest, the right to legal advice and the right to be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of arrest (except where one is arrested under a preventive detention law). Whereas Article 23 talks about the right against exploitation includes prohibition of trafficking in h uman beings and forced labor and prohibition of employment of children below 14 years of age à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to work in any factory or mine or in any other hazardous employment.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Amongst all these rights, Article 23 is very important for our study along with other rights that are guaranteed and deserved in all its forms. The Article 32 of the constitution enshrines the right to Constitutional remedies definitely deserves to be earmarked for it is essentially the right to move the Supreme Court of India for enforcement of the above rights. 1.3.3 Specified Fundamental Rights Fundamental rights guaranteed under the Indian Constitution may be divided, for the sake of convenience, into two categories viz., specified fundamental rights and other fundamental rights (rights not specifically enumerated). Many of the rights enshrined in the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights have been recognized specially in the Indian Constitution as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fundamental rights.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The under mentioned table shows the different Articles of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Indian Constitution wherein identical rights are stipulated. Table 13: Different Articles of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Indian Constitution Sl.No. Fundamental Rights Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Indian Constitution 1. Forced labor Article 8(3) Article 23 2. Equality before law Article 14(1) Article 14 3. Prohibition of discrimination Article 26 Article 15 4. Equality of opportunity to public service Article 25(C) Article 16(1) 5. Freedom of speech and expression Article 19(1) (2) Article 19(1) (a) 6. Right for peaceful assembly Article 21 Article 19(1) (b) 7. Right to freedom of association Article 22(1) Article 19(1) (c) 8. Right to move freely within the territory of a State Article 12(1) Article 19(1) (d) (e) 9. Protection in respect of conviction of offences Article 15(1) Article 20(1) 10. Protection from prosecution and punishment Article 14(7) Article 20(2) 11. Not to be compelled to testify against himself Article 14(3)(g) Article 20(3) 12. Right to life and liberty Article 6(1 ) 9(1) Article 21 13. Right to child education Article 26(1) Article 21(A) 14. Protection against arrest and detention Article 9(2)(3) (4) Article 22 15. Freedom of conscience .and religion Article 18(1) Article 25 [1] A.I.R. 1973 S.C. 1461 at 1510 [2] A.I.R. 2000 (I) S.C. 2E5,

Finance Essay - 1375 Words

Opportunities and Market Strategies for Growth and Future Expansion – HSBC Bank (Essay Sample) Content: UK Banking Services, Challenges, Opportunities and Market Strategies for Growth and Future Expansion HSBC Bank.Name:Course:Professor:Date Due:IntroductionBanking is currently the major financial service sector in Britain. The banking industry in the UK is the third largest in the world after Japan and the US in terms of the returns on capital, dynamism and overall efficiency. The city of London is one of the worlds largest financial centers. Britain currently has five major Banks and financial companies that controls its entire financial market sector. These are JPMorgan Chase and company with a market capitalization of 191.01 Billion British pounds, followed by HSBC Holdings plc with 136.55B, Lloyds Banking Group plc with 48.21B, Banco Santander, S.A., 42.75B and finally Barclays PLC with 37.88B. Taking HSBC as the Bench mark company for comparison purposes as concerns the performance, challenges and the opportunities of the banking industry in the UK financial and the Banking sector. HSBC is derived from the initials of Hong Kong and Shanghai banking Corporation which founded HSBC in the year 1865 in Hong Kong and later changed its headquarters to London in 1991. Its the second largest listed company in the London Stock Exchange after the Royal Dutch Shell trading company. Its also listed in various other stock exchanges across the world including New York Stock Exchange. (Berger, 2010) The major challenge of the entire banking sector stems from malpractices in management and the economic conditions that lead to massive and unprecedented financial meltdown mostly due to over lending, excessive borrowing and poor regulation. The current system of financial regulation is either entirely flawed or grossly inefficient to control such incidents from occurring. (Drucker, 1999) In the year 2008, the British government used 500 Billion British pounds to bail out banks that were about to collapse in UK due to the effect of the global financial crisi s. Had it been allowed to go on without the intervention of the UK government then it would certainly have had a catastrophic effect on the UK economy. A year later, the UK government added another 50 billion dollars to the banking industry to stabilize its financial position. The effect of the financial crisis led to massive drops in the banking industrys income. HSBC operating income dropped by a massive 26% in the year 2008 and later by another 65% in the year 2009. Customer confidence in the banking industry was at its lowest as the banking profits took a nose dive for the worst.  HYPERLINK "http://banking.about.com/od/businessbanking/a/centralbank.htm" http://banking.about.com/od/businessbanking/a/centralbank.htm% The major advantage or strength of the banking sector in the UK economy is that it touches every sphere of the economy and also on every kind of business or trading activity. The failure of the Banking system in the UK would have led to a near collapse of the enti re UK economy where thousands of jobs and economic life line of many British people would have been lost or grossly affected. HSBC is a multinational bank with over 7200 offices in more than 85 countries worldwide and over 89 million customers. It currently enjoys a 24.6% annual revenue growth rate and 13.95% annual long term growth rate. ,finance HSBC has offices in almost every financial capital in most parts of the world. Its strength in the banking sector cannot be ignored especially in the UK. With this kind of strength, HSBC has a lot of opportunity to develop new markets and expand its services in other regions and also to consolidate its position on the UK market. (Brealey, Myers and Allen, 2006)The major weakness in the banking sector is the shortage of talent. Top quality and well trained personnel are becoming more valuable, difficult to source and even more to train. The existing link between target performance and remuneration are critical issues in senior staff recruit ment. The banking sector needs new strategies to attract, create incentives and retain highly qualified professionals. (Khan, 1993)HSBC strategic marketing would involve a strategy that will substantially broaden and expand the scope of all its profitable units or portfolios in terms of customer grouping and functions together with alternative innovations in technologies to improve the general performance. HSBC should taking advantage of any opportunity or advantage of any gap in the market, identifying and making use of competitive advantage against their competitors and increasing its market share. (Porter, 1990)The major differences among the top four banks in the United Kingdom, i.e. Barclays, Lloyds TSB, NatWest, Royal bank of Scotland, Santander, and HSBC are mostly based on customer service products. Barclays offers free overdraft up to 3000 British pounds, for the first three years and 1000 pounds for three years. It later charges an interest rate of 14.9% for additional ove rdraft facility. Lloyds bank has similar terms only the interest rate charged on additional overdraft is higher than Barclays i.e. it charges 16.77%. NatWest Bank offers free overdraft up to 2000 pounds for a year and 500 for three years later it charges interest at 17.81% for any additional overdraft. Santander also charges overdrafts the same as NatWest only that it charges no interest on delayed overdrafts. Royal Bank of Scotland also offers free overdraft up to 2000 pounds for a year and 1000 pounds for three years later it charges interest at 9.9% for any additional overdraft. HSBC offers free overdraft up to 1500 pounds for a year only and charges 19.9% interest rate for any additional overdraft.  HYPERLINK "/money/bank-accounts/reviews-ns/student-bank-accounts/graduate-accounts/" /money/bank-accounts/reviews-ns/student-bank-accounts/graduate-accounts/ Barclays Bank has adopted a different line of product to attract more clients and also to expand globally. It has promoted a concept of personalized banking services for different clients i.e. businessmen, students and also for small and medium traders an idea that was initially created by HSBC bank but was incorporated into the main stream banking products and services to promote its sales. Hsbc introduced different languages to attract many customers and also to expand globally.The common strategies adopted involve internet banking and other personal banking services. The top Banks in the UK strive to maintain their brands as a way of marketing strategy. The banks struggle to maintain their customers loyalty by painting a picture of reliability for instance, Barclays bank official website. The bank is also responsive to customers needs and this promotes their brands as reliable and responsive to needs of their customers. (Gronroos, 1990)Almost all the banks use E-Newsletters to reach out to more customers and also market their new and latest products in the market. For instance, the online banking se rvices, their procedures, set up systems and their codes. SERVQUAL Gap ModelGap 1: (The knowledge gap)The nationwide consumer index shows a decrease in consumer confidence. This is a clear indicator that consumer trust and there...

Governments Role in Consumer Protection Advertising

U.S. Governments Role in Consumer Protection Advertising The United States government has continued to grow in size and influence, its effect on marketing is no exception. Consumer protection and product safety include the efforts made by government, nonprofit organizations, businesses, and individuals to create, protect, and enforce the rights of consumers who buy products or services. This may also be identified as consumerism, or the organized efforts of individuals, groups, and organizations to protect the rights of consumers (Pride102). Consumer protection was brought upon through several medians, but is primarily attributed to background legislation. The first major federal law to affect the marketing environment was the†¦show more content†¦Following the creation of the pure food and drug act, the major succeeding legislation was the formation of the Federal Trade Commission, by way of the FTC Act of 1914. The FTC is the primary, but not the sole, consumer prote ction agency at the federal level and oversees an array of consumer protection laws. The principal goal is to afford customers a deception-free marketplace and provide the highest-quality products at competitive prices. The FTC also ensures that advertising is not false or misleading. The FTC may also benefit businesses by helping them to understand laws and assess new marketing methods for each year. It also brings businesses together for hearings and conferences to help firms avoid price fixing, deceptive advertising, and questionable telemarketing practices (Pride 76). Succeeding the Sherman and FTC Acts, in 1938 the Wheeler-Lea Act was formed. It prohibits unfair and deceptive acts and practices regardless of whether competition is injured, and also placed advertising of food and drugs under the jurisdiction of the FTC. 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